Using biology to manufacture useful products has been just an idea for many scientists and engineers for years. Now this idea is a reality since fungi and bacteria are now being used to make cement, detergents, and plastics thus revolutionizing many industries. Bioengineers are doing a lot of research to make these micro-organisms genetically programmable in order to enhance their functions in biomanufacturing. Medical Laboratories have used biotechnology to make amino acids, biopharmaceuticals, cytokines and vaccines such the one for COVID-19. The operations of these biomanufacturing plants include the use of techniques such as cell culture, column chromatography, and ultrafiltration.
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